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Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithostat
Lithium hydroxide monohydrate Information
The circulation of sodium affects via nerve and muscle tissues within the body. Mania or excitation affects.Lithium is used to treat the manic episodes of manic depression. Manic symptoms include hyperactivity, hurried speech, poor judgment, and decreased need for anger, aggression, and sleep. Lithium also can help to stop or reduce the intensity of manic episodes.Lithium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
The precise mechanism of action of Li as a mood-stabilizing agent is now unknown. It’s likely that Li creates its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. A growing number of scientists have arrived at the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key element in knowing how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium was found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to maintain the sum of glutamate busy between tissues in a secure, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It’s postulated that too much glutamate from the distance between nerves triggers mania, and too small, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme known as inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium’s action may be enhanced through the deactivation of this GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may change the circadian clock. GSK-3 is notorious for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which contributes to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin raises and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behavior to mice treated with lithium. These results indicate that increase of beta catenin might be a potential pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.
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How to use lithium hydroxide monohydrate
Follow all instructions. Your physician may occasionally change your dose. Don’t use this medication in smaller or larger amounts or for longer than suggested. Don’t crush, chew, or split an extended-release pillcomputer. Swallow it whole. Measure liquid medicine with the syringe supplied, or with a unique dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you don’t have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist. Taking lithium can make it a lot easier for you to become dehydrated, particularly in the event that you have nausea or any vomiting, when you exercise vigorously, or if you are outdoors in the sun or sweat more than usual.
Dehydration can increase some of the side effects of lithium. Call your physician if you have are sick with nausea or diarrhea and a fever, or if you’re sweating more than normal. While taking lithium , which may influence your dose requirements, you can easily become dehydrated. Do not change your dosage or medication schedule without your physician’s advice. Drink extra fluids each day to prevent dehydration. It can take around 3 months until your symptoms improve.
Keep using the medication and inform your physician if your symptoms don’t begin to grow after 1 week of therapy. Should you need surgery, inform the surgeon ahead of time that you are currently using lithium. Regular blood tests may be needed by you, when utilizing lithium ion. Store at room temperature away from heat and moisture.
Side Effects
- nausea
- thirst
- increased urination
- fine hand tremor
Interactions
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, , cause elevated levels of lithium and reduce the ability of the kidney andside effects. Blood levels of lithium might have to be quantified for 4 to 7 days after an NSAID is added or ceased during lithium treatment. Sulindac and aspirin do not appear to affect lithium concentrations. Diuretics should be used cautiously in patients. Diuretics that behave at the distal tubule, , can increase blood levels of lithium.
, are inclined to decrease blood levels of lithium. Diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide might not have any impact on lithium levels in blood. ACE inhibitors, , may increase the possibility of developing lithium ion by increasing the quantity of lithium that’s reabsorbed into the body in the tubules of the liver and reducing the excretion of lithium. Some patients may experience side effects, including dizziness, lethargy, and tremor when lithium and carbamazepine are used together.
Central nervous system side effects may happen when lithium is used with antidepressants, . Combining lithium using other drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase or monoamine oxidase inhibitor class of antidepressants can lead to reactions. Medications that cause the urine to become alkaline can increase. This decreases the effects of lithium and results in lower blood concentrations of lithium.
Such medications include sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium acetate. Caffeine seems to reduce serum lithium concentrations, and unwanted side effects of lithium have grown in frequency when caffeine is absorbed. The two diltiazem and verapamil are reported to have varying effects on lithium levels in blood. In some patients there may be diminished in and lithium blood glucose others lithium toxicity.
The likelihood of lithium toxicity may raise. When lithium is handled with phenothiazines reactions have resulted, . Reactions have included encephalopathy, seizures, delirium, high fever or certain reactions which affect motion of muscles, called extrapyramidal symptoms. Lithium can lead to goiter or hypothyroidism. The use of lithium with potassium iodide may increase the likelihood of this reaction.
The beta blocker, propranolol, with lithium’s use may lead to a pulse and dizziness. Beta blockers may interact with lithium and be connected with a slow heart rate.